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01 - 02 - 03 - 04 - 05 - 06 - 07 - 08 - 09 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - 19 - 20 - Key Distribution Center The KDC is integral to the operation of Kerberos, and Windows 2000 implements the KDC as a domain service, as shown in Figure 3.7. The KDC uses Active Directory as the source of its account database (see Chapter 4). The KDC service, along with the Active Directory, is located on every Windows 2000 domain controller. This allows each domain controller to accept authentication and ticket requests instead of depending on a single KDC. Figure 3.7 Kerberos Key Distribution Center runs as a service on Windows 2000 domain controllers. Every Kerberos KDC has its own principal name. The name used in Windows 2000 is krbtgt, which follows the guideline given in RFC 1510. When a Windows 2000 domain is created, a user account named krbtgt is created for the KDC principal, as shown in Figure 3.8. This account is a built-in account, so it cannot be deleted, renamed, or enabled for normal user use. Even though it appears that the account is disabled, in reality it is being used by the KDC. An administrator who attempts to enable the account receives the dialog box shown in Figure 3.9. The password for the account is generated automatically by Windows 2000 and is changed automatically by the system on a regular basis. The key used by the krbtgt account is based on its password, just like a normal user’s long-term key. The long-term key of krbtgt is used to encrypt and decrypt the TGTs it gives out. The krbtgt account is used by all KDCs in a domain. For example, a Windows 2000 domain may have five domain controllers, each of which has its own functioning KDC, but each of the KDCs uses the krbtgt account. This allows each KDC to encrypt and decrypt TGTs using the same long-term key. A client knows which KDC to communicate with because client computer queries the Domain Name System (DNS) for a domain controller. After the client locates a domain controller, it sends the KRB_AS_REQ message to the KDC service on that domain controller. 01 - 02 - 03 - 04 - 05 - 06 - 07 - 08 - 09 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - 19 - 20 - |
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